Genital Tuberculosis Among Women: A Narrative Review

Abstract

In poor nations, "female genital tuberculosis (FGTB)" is a widespread health issue. It frequently results in pelvic inflammatory disease, menstrual irregularities, and infertility. 15-20% of extrapulmonary TB is represented by it. Most often, it is a secondary infection brought on by hematogenous dissemination from an extra-genital cause, like abdominal or pulmonary tuberculosis. In virtually all cases, the fallopian tube is the first to be harmed, followed by the endometrium and cervix. 44–74% of those affected, who are between the ages of 15 and 45, are infertile as a result of it. Genital TB must be clinically diagnosed with a high degree of suspicion. The most typical presentations are menstrual abnormalities and infertility. A multi-modality approach to diagnosis is necessary, incorporating clinical, radiographic, bacteriological, molecular, and histological techniques. Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Isoniazid, and Rifampicin must be used in combination for at least six months during treatment. Reserve medications are administered for a prolonged period of time in cases with drug-resistant TB.