Periodontal Disease as a Potential Risk Factor for Prediabetes: A Case Control Study Periodontal Disease as a Potential Risk Factor for Prediabetes: A Case Control Study

Abstract

Background: Periodontitis is associated with many systemic disorders, including diabetes and prediabetes. However, the information regarding role of periodontal inflammation and its effect on prediabetes is still not fully understood. The aim of the study was to assess the strength of association of periodontal disease as a risk factor for prediabetes.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted among 109 prediabetic cases and 109 normoglycemic controls to assess the periodontal health status and find its association with prediabetes. We identified the subjects from Department of Medicine and Endocrinology of Pt. B.D. Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak, India with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. We classified prediabetic cases and normoglycemic controls according to the guidelines of American Association of Diabetes diagnosed with periodontal illness according to guidelines of American Association of Periodontology. Periodontal condition was assessed among both the groups as per AAPD guidelines, along with a structured set of questionnaire. 

Results: The study revealed a weak association of periodontitis with development of prediabetes (0.91). Cases with moderate periodontitis had 2.82 times more risk of developing diabetes when compared to no periodontitis. (2.82;95% CI 0.276-28.5).

Conclusion: The present findings show that there was weak or no association between periodontal disease and prediabetes. The strength and dose response relation does not support its occurrence. Therefore, further studies are needed to assess the influence of periodontal status on incidence of prediabetes.