Comprehensive Assessment of Effects of Bone Grafting on Implants' Primary Stability and Associated Bony Transformations in Immediate Implants Placed in the Maxillary Anterior Region: An Original Research Study Effects of Bone Grafting on Implants' Primary Stability and Transformations

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to assess the effects of bone grafting on implants' primary stability and associated bony transformation, and immediate implants placed in the maxillary anterior region

Materials and Methods: This study focused on 90 patients aged 25 to 50 with decayed teeth seeking natural-looking replacements. After clinical examinations, 80 patients expressed interest in dental implants and implant-supported prostheses. Care was taken to preserve the buccal bone plate, with infraorbital local anaesthesia used for comfort. In cases needing bone augmentation, a hydroxyapatite graft and collagen membrane was applied. The 80 interested patients were split into two groups for analysis: Group 1 received immediate implant placement with bone grafting, and Group 2 received implants without grafting. Effectiveness was assessed by measuring primary stability and osseointegration through the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) at 3- and 6-month post-surgery.

Statistical Analysis and Results: Group 1 (40 patients) underwent immediate implant placement with bone grafting, while Group 2 (40 patients) received implants without grafting. After three months, the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) was assessed on four surfaces of the implants for each group. Group 1 showed ISQ values of 75.5 ± 5 Ncm (buccal), 79.8 ± 4 Ncm (lingual), 80.4 ± 3 Ncm (mesial), and 69.5 ± 4 Ncm (distal). Conversely, Group 2 had lower ISQ values: 47.6 ± 3 Ncm (buccal), 45.5 ± 3 Ncm (lingual), 43.7 ± 2 Ncm (mesial), and 37.5 ± 3 Ncm (distal). After six months, Group 1's results improved to 77.6 ± 6 Ncm (buccal), 80.5 ± 3 Ncm (lingual), 82.4 ± 4 Ncm (mesial), and 72.5 ± 6 Ncm (distal). In comparison, Group 2's ISQ values increased to 50.5 ± 2 Ncm (buccal), 49.3 ± 2 Ncm (lingual), 55.6 ± 3 Ncm (mesial), and 40.2 ± 2 Ncm (distal). The summarisation of these findings, employing one-way ANOVA for a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of immediate implant placement with and without bone grafting, contributes valuable insights for future clinical practice.

Conclusion: This study concluded that immediate implants with bone grafting led to better bone transformation and aesthetics. This technique effectively preserves jawbone shape and enhances long-term cosmetic outcomes.