THYROID HORMONES AND CARDIOVASCULAR HOMEOSTASIS; A REVIEW

Abstract

Two iodinated hormones, 3,5,3-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,5,3,5-tetraiodothyronine; also known as thyroxine (T4) are secreted by thyroid gland.Thyroid hormones interact with specific receptors on myocardial and vascularendothelial tissues to induce chemical changes and these tissues are verysensitive for a small fluctuation in circulating thyroid hormones. The obtaineddata from different experimental and clinical studies revealed significance ofnormal thyroid hormones to maintain the cardiovascular homeostasis. Evensubtle fluctuation in the concentration of thyroid hormone as in subclinicalhypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism could significantly affect the cardiovascularsystem. In this review article we will understand how thyroid hormones interactswith specific receptors on myocytes and induces many genomic as well as nongenomicalterations directly and indirectly including due to dyslipidemia, bloodpressure changes and endothelial dysfunction.